Mughal zamindar tax collection ap world history

Historical Developments

Imperial expansion relied on the increased use of gunpowder, cannons, and armed trade to establish large empires in both hemispheres. Land empires included the Manchu in Central and East Asia; the Mughal in South and Central Asia; the Ottoman in Southern Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa; and the Safavids in the Middle East.

State rivalries:

• Safavid–Mughal conflict
• Songhai Empire’s conflict with Morocco

Recruitment and use of bureaucratic elites, as well as the development of military professionals, became more common among rulers who wanted to maintain centralized control over their populations and resources

Bureaucratic elites or military professionals:

• Ottoman devshirme
• Salaried samurai

Rulers continued to use religious ideas, art, and monumental architecture to legitimize their rule. 

Religious ideas:

• Mexica practice of human sacrifice
• European notions of divine right
• Songhai promotion of Islam

Art and monumental architecture:

• Qing imperial portraits
• Incan sun temple of Cuzco
• Mughal mausolea and mosques
• European palaces, such as Versailles

  AP World History Practice Question 188

  Question: 188

  "In Northern India the life of separate States at this period is usually little more than a question of words. A zamindar who paid revenue to the Mogul was clearly in a position of confidence, and if he wished to establish a claim to sovereignty, the first step was to refuse, or omit to remunerate revenue. Such an omission might, however, arise from various other causes, and it is probable that in Rajputana, Central India, and Chota Nagpur there were numerous chiefs and tribes occupying what constitutional lawyers would regard as an anomalous position, sometimes paying the stipulated revenue, sometimes in open rebellion, and sometimes enjoying practical independence because the Mogul authorities found it inconvenient to undertake active measures of coercion."

  W.H. Moreland, India at the Death of Akbar, 1920

  Moreland's description of revenue collection in the Mughal Empire is best seen as evidence for which of the following generalizations?

  Correct Answer:B

  Explanation:

  The alley mentions zamindars who lived in areas that the Mughal authorities found "inconvenient" to travel to in order to collect revenue. As
  
  

  AP World Unit 3

  3.1

  It’s All About Gunpowder

  • They were land-based, got their power from the land

  • Each empire was expanding geographically

  • Main cause of that expansion was the adoption of gunpowder weapons

  • These Gunpowder Empires came out on top

  Meet the Empires

  • Ottoman Empire

    • Most significant Islamic Empire in this period

    • Founded in the 14th century after the Mongol Empire died

    • Started small but grew rapidly due to two reasons

      • Controlled the Dardanelles, which was a highly strategic chokepoint which they used to launch their expansions

      • Adopted and developed gunpowder weapons

    • Sacked Constantinople in 1453, the heart of the Christian Byzantine Empire

      • Mehmed II sent his giant military with their gunpowder weapons to blast the city’s famous wall to pieces

      • Renamed it Istanbul, became the crown jewel of the empire

  • Safavid Empire

    • Established in the beginning of the 1500s

    • Grew under Shah Ismael, who declared the state as Shia Muslim

    • Made them an opponent to the neighboring Sunni Muslim empires, the Ottomans and the Mughals

    • Grew like mad under Shah Abbas and adopted gunpowder weapons

  • Mughal Empire

    • Replaced the Delhi

      .

      .